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德国联邦宪法法院在解决宪法基本权利冲突案例中发展出宪法基本权利的衍射效力理论。该理论认为个人在行使宪法基本权利时因行为与社会的关联程度不同,行使宪法基本权利行为本身可以区分为核心领域、中间领域和外围领域,不同领域的行为受到宪法的保障程度不同。中国当下的一些热点问题,如同性恋婚姻的合法化、卖淫嫖娼的处理、聚众淫乱罪的认定等,都与个人性自由决定权有关。根据宪法基本权利衍射效力理论,个人性行为因与社会的关联程度不同而有着性质上的区别,法律的规制也不尽相同。同性恋、卖淫嫖娼、聚众淫乱分别属于性自由决定权的核心领域、中间领域和外围领域。宪法对这三种性行为的保障是不一样的,处于核心领域的性自由受宪法保障程度高,处于外围领域的性自由受宪法的保障程度低。政府在规制这些性行为时所受到的限制也不尽相同。
The German Federal Constitutional Court developed the theory of the effect of diffraction of the fundamental rights of the Constitution in the case of settling the fundamental rights conflicts in the Constitution. According to this theory, when exercising the basic rights of the constitution, individuals have different degrees of association with the society. The exercise of the fundamental rights of the constitution itself can be divided into the core area, the intermediate area and the peripheral area. The behaviors of different areas are guaranteed by the constitution to different extents. Some current hot issues in China, such as the legalization of homosexual marriage, the treatment of prostitution, the accusation of mass indecency and so on, are related to the individual’s discretion. According to the theory of the fundamental rights of the Constitution, the individual’s sexual behavior has a qualitative difference due to the different degree of association with the society, and the laws and regulations are also different. Homosexuality, prostitution and prostitution are the core areas, the middle areas and the peripheral areas of sexual freedom and decision-making respectively. Constitutional protection of these three kinds of sexual behavior is not the same, in the core areas of sexual freedom is highly protected by the Constitution, in the peripheral areas of sexual freedom guaranteed by the Constitution low. The restrictions imposed by the government in regulating these sexual acts are also different.