醛和酮的最主要区别是对氧化剂的敏感性,醛容易被氧化为相应的羧酸,酮则不易被氧化,因此利用此性质可以选择较弱的氧化剂来区别醛和酮。常用的是托伦试剂(Tollen)和一些含铜弱氧化剂,现着重谈几种含铜的弱氧化剂。一、新配制的Cu(OH)_2 取两支干净的试管,分别注入1ml 2%的CuSO_4溶液,再分别加入1ml 10％NaOH溶液,观察生成蓝色絮状沉淀,振荡后得到新制氢氧化铜悬浊液,然后在第一支试管中加入脂肪醛溶液(如乙醛),另一支试管中加入酮(如 Aldehydes and ketones the most important difference is the sensitivity of the oxidant, aldehydes easily oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid, ketones are not easily oxidized, so the use of this property can choose the weaker oxidant to distinguish aldehydes and ketones. Commonly used are Tollen and some copper-containing weak oxidizers, and now we’ll talk about several copper-containing weak oxidizers. First, the newly prepared Cu (OH) _2 take two clean tubes, respectively, were injected into 1ml 2% CuSO_4 solution, and then were added to 1ml of 10% NaOH solution was observed to produce a blue flocculent precipitate, the oscillation obtained after the new hydrogen Copper suspension, and then in the first test tube by adding fatty aldehyde solution (such as acetaldehyde), another test tube by adding ketone (such as