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高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)是一种普遍存在于真核细胞中的染色体蛋白。早期研究证实,HMGB1可作为 DNA 结合蛋白参与维持 DNA 构象和核小体结构的稳定,也可作为一种非特异性的转录因子参与基因表达的调控。近期研究发现,HMGB1可于细胞外分泌释放,参与细胞的分化、迁移和再生,并可介导多种炎性和自身免疫性疾病的发病。特别在类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者及实验性关节炎动物关节局部 HMGB1的表达明显上调,深入研究揭示这些异常表达的 HMGB1可通过多种分子机制在关节炎发病的多个环节中发挥作用,以介导慢性炎症的持续和局部组织的侵蚀破坏,通过阻断和抑制 HMGB1的作用可明显减轻和改善关节炎的症状。这为阐明 RA 的发病机制提供了新的思路,并为 RA 的治疗提供了新的靶点。
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a chromosomal protein that is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Earlier studies confirmed that HMGB1 can be used as a DNA-binding protein in maintaining the stability of DNA conformation and nucleosome structure, and can also be involved in the regulation of gene expression as a nonspecific transcription factor. Recent studies have found that HMGB1 can be secreted extracellularly, participate in cell differentiation, migration and regeneration, and can mediate the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Especially in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and experimental arthritis joints HMGB1 expression was significantly increased, in-depth study revealed that these abnormal expression of HMGB1 through a variety of molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of arthritis play a role , To mediate the sustained destruction of chronic inflammation and the erosion and destruction of the local tissues. By blocking and inhibiting the action of HMGB1, the symptoms of arthritis can be obviously alleviated and improved. This provides a new idea for elucidating the pathogenesis of RA and provides a new target for the treatment of RA.