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林木的分子病理学研究长期以来落后于农业作物病理学。随着高通量测序技术的问世,林木的分子病理学研究迎来了一个崭新的时代。从2006年至今,杨树、云杉等重要森林树种的全基因组测序相继完成,这为全面解析林木的抗病过程提供了遗传背景。同时,转录组学和全基因组关联分析的应用使得人们能快速地积累大量的数据,从而为揭示林木和病原菌之间的分子互作机制奠定了基础。近两年来CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑等分子生物学技术创新不断。高效的分子生物学技术结合基因组学研究有利于林木育种的研究。以下阐述了林木对抗病原菌入侵的生理机制,综合论述了近十年来基因组学和转录组学研究在木本植物分子病理学方面所取得的成果,总结了分子生物学技术在林木抗病领域的研究成果,分析了存在的问题和未来发展的趋势,以期为林木抗病育种提供参考。
Molecular pathology of trees has long lagged behind that of crop plants. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technology, molecular pathology of trees ushered in a new era. Since 2006, whole genome sequencing of poplar, spruce and other important forest species has been completed successively, which provides a genetic background for comprehensively analyzing the disease resistance process of trees. At the same time, the application of transcriptomics and genome-wide association analysis enables people to accumulate a large amount of data rapidly, which lays the foundation for revealing the molecular interaction mechanism between tree and pathogen. Over the past two years CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing and other molecular biology technology innovation. Efficient molecular biology techniques combined with genomics research is conducive to the study of tree breeding. The following describes the physiological mechanism of forest trees against invasion of pathogens, summarizes the achievements made in genomics and transcriptomics in the molecular pathology of woody plants in recent ten years, and summarizes the research of molecular biology techniques in the field of tree disease resistance Achievements, analyzed the existing problems and the trend of future development, with a view to provide a reference for the disease-resistant breeding of trees.