[目的]探讨双原发肺癌合并食管癌的发病特点、临床特征及同期手术治疗效果与预后。[方法]选取肺癌合并食管癌15例患者为研究对象,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。[结果]经手术病理证实,15个肺癌病灶的病理分型包括肺泡细胞癌2例,鳞癌4例,腺癌9例;病理分期:Ⅰa期、Ⅰb期、Ⅱa期分别有6例、7例、2例。而15个食管癌病灶均为鳞状细胞癌;病理分期:Ⅰa期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲa期、Ⅲb期分别有2例、6例、4例和3例。围手术期未出现死亡病例。术后并发症发生情况:脑梗死、左肺不张、肺部感染致呼吸衰竭、切口脂肪液化及吻合口瘘各出现1例,及时发现并积极处理后均痊愈出院。15例患者的中位生存期为41个月(95%CI:20.1~43.8)。[结论]对食管癌患者术前行胸部CT以观察是否并发肺癌,同期手术切除能获得较好的疗效,风险可承受。 [Objective] To investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics, surgical treatment and prognosis of primary primary lung cancer with esophageal cancer. [Methods] Fifteen patients with lung cancer and esophageal cancer were selected as the research object, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. [Results] The pathological classification of 15 lung cancer lesions showed that there were 2 cases of alveolar cell carcinoma, 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 9 cases of adenocarcinoma. Pathological stage: Ⅰa stage, Ⅰb stage and Ⅱa stage were 6 cases and 7 cases respectively Cases, 2 cases. Fifteen cases of esophageal cancer were squamous cell carcinoma. The pathological stage was stage Ⅰa, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, and stage Ⅲb. There were 2 cases, 6 cases, 4 cases and 3 cases respectively. Perioperative death did not occur. Postoperative complications occurred: cerebral infarction, left atelectasis, respiratory failure caused by lung infection, incision fat liquefaction and anastomotic fistula occurred in each case, found in time and actively treated were discharged. The median survival of 15 patients was 41 months (95% CI: 20.1 to 43.8). [Conclusion] The preoperative chest CT in patients with esophageal cancer to observe whether the concurrent lung cancer, surgical resection over the same period to obtain a better effect, the risk can be tolerated.