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在文化艺术领域,具有系统的美学见解并被公认的主要美学思想是表现主义和结构主义,它们都有明确的艺术追求取向。表现主义源于主体观念,在审美创作过程中表现出一种强烈的主体情感色彩。结构主义则是建立在客观意识的基础上,逻辑的分析方法支配着整个创作过程。这两种美学思潮同时出现于西方世界,但他们并不是相互排斥的。有些艺术家的创作侧向于一个方面,另一些艺术家则成功地将两者融为一体。表现主义意味着对情感世界和人类心理状态的探索,也包容着对客观世界现状的怀疑、抗议和反思,从宽泛的意义上讲,表现主义包括诸如新原始主义、达达主义、超现实主义流派、德国表现主义以及具有社会批判特征的各种艺术形式。“表现主义”一词首先由一些德国画家正式使用。当时在德
In the field of culture and art, the main aesthetic ideas that have systematic aesthetic insight and are acknowledged are expressionism and structuralism, all of which have a definite artistic pursuit. Expressionism stems from the concept of subjectivity and shows a strong emotion in the process of aesthetic creation. Structuralism is based on objective awareness, and logical analysis dominates the entire creative process. These two kinds of aesthetic trends appear in the Western world at the same time, but they are not mutually exclusive. Some artists are creatively focused on one aspect, while others are successful in combining the two. Expressionism means that the exploration of the emotional world and the psychological state of mankind also embraces doubts, protests and introspection about the status quo in the objective world. In the broad sense, expressionism includes such topics as neo-primitivism, dadaism, surrealism Genre, German expressionism, and various forms of art with the characteristics of social critique. The term “expressionism” was first used formally by some German painters. At that time in Germany