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目的了解城市社区老年人跌倒发生情况及主要家庭环境危险因素,为开展针对性干预提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,在慈溪市抽取2个街道,每个街道抽取1个社区,纳入≥60岁居住满1年的老年人进行跌倒情况问卷调查,并对家庭环境中的致跌因素进行现场观察评估。结果共调查993人,跌倒发生率为14.90%,其中女性跌倒发生率为17.19%,高于男性的12.47%(P<0.05)。跌伤109人,跌伤发生率为10.98%,女性跌伤发生率为13.87%,高于男性的7.69%(P<0.05)。家庭环境中存在致跌危险因素比例最高的区域为卫生间(93.62%)和客厅(85.02%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,过道地毯不平整(OR=3.542,95%CI:1.235~10.161)和卧室床边有杂物(OR=8.611,95%CI:2.051~36.574)是居家老年人发生跌倒的主要环境危险因素。结论老年人跌倒发生率为14.90%,过道地毯不平整和卧室床边有杂物是发生跌倒的主要危险因素。
Objective To understand the incidence of falls in the elderly in urban communities and the risk factors of major family environment, so as to provide basis for targeted intervention. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to extract 2 streets in Cixi City and 1 community in each street. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the elderly who were 60 years of age and older who lived in the city for more than one year. Conduct on-site observation and assessment. Results A total of 993 people were surveyed. The incidence of falls was 14.90%. The incidence of falls in women was 17.19%, higher than that of males (12.47%, P <0.05). 109 people fell, the incidence of falls fell to 10.98%, and the incidence of fall injuries among females was 13.87%, higher than that of males (7.69%, P <0.05). The areas with the highest risk of plunge in the family environment were toilet (93.62%) and living room (85.02%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the atrophy of the aisle carpet (OR = 3.542, 95% CI: 1.235-10.161) and bedside debris (OR = 8.611, 95% CI: 2.051-36.574) The main environmental risk factors. Conclusion The incidence of falls in the elderly is 14.90%. The main risk factors of falls are the irregular carpet in the aisles and the debris on the bedside of the bedroom.