目的选用三种不同方法应用甲基苄基亚硝胺(NMBA)诱发大鼠食管癌疾病模型,并对各种方法造模的优缺点以及效果进行对比观察。方法应用相同浓度的NMBA通过自由取食、食管内灌注以及皮下注射三种方法对SD大鼠进行处理,持续16周后,处死全部大鼠。取食管组织行病理学观察,并对结果进行综合分析,比较各种方法造模的优缺点以及效果。结果通过皮下注射方法处理的大鼠通过病理证实均罹患食管癌。通过食管内灌注方法处理的大鼠食管癌发病率居中。自由取食方法处理的大鼠食管癌发病率最低。结论通过皮下注射方法应用NMBA诱发大鼠食管癌是实验室获取食管癌模型的最佳选择。 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of NMBA on esophageal cancer induced by NMBA in three different ways and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and their effects. Methods The same concentration of NMBA was used to treat SD rats through free feeding, intra-esophageal instillation and subcutaneous injection. After 16 weeks, all the rats were sacrificed. Esophageal histopathological observation, and the results of a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of modeling as well as the effect. Results Rats treated by subcutaneous injection had esophageal cancer by pathological examination. The incidence of esophageal cancer in rats treated by intra-esophageal perfusion was the highest. The incidence of esophageal cancer was the lowest in free-feeding rats. Conclusion Subcutaneous injection of NMBA-induced rat esophageal cancer is the best choice for obtaining esophageal cancer model in laboratory.