急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory dysfunction syndrome,ARDS)是危重病医学的重要课题,死亡率很高。尽管一些药物治疗包括肺表面活性物质、一氧化氮、糖皮质激素以及利索茶碱已经在ALI/ARDS患者中应用,但是没有一种药物可降低死亡率。本文综述了ALI/ARDS治疗药物的临床试验结果及其目前推荐应用的等级,同时也就一些有望在未来临床应用的药物,如β2-受体激动剂、角质化细胞生长因子以及活化蛋白-C进行讨论。 Acute lung injury (ALI) / acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important topic in critical care medicine with a high mortality rate. Although some medical treatments, including pulmonary surfactant, nitric oxide, glucocorticoids and lisofylline have been used in patients with ALI / ARDS, none have been shown to reduce mortality. This review summarizes the clinical trials of ALI / ARDS as well as the current recommended levels of use, as well as some promising drugs for future clinical applications such as beta 2 -receptor agonists, keratinocyte growth factor and activin-C have a discussion.