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近年来中国多个工业部门面临产能严重过剩,传统增长模式遇到瓶颈,这与我国工业化进程中的强制性技术变迁有很大关系。一些部门过分依赖科技成果的跨国转移,技术进步过早偏向资本,又不得不适应当时劳动力相对充裕的禀赋结构,选择要素互补的生产函数,资本和劳动投入同时扩张,积累了巨大的工业产能。随着劳动力成本上涨,固化的生产函数下资本难以替代相对昂贵的劳动力,致使大量冗余劳动力滞留于工业部门,并引发无序的产业转移,从而造成了当前的产能过剩。要使工业获得新的增长动力,关键在于促进劳动力向现代服务业和高端制造业流动,并加快国际产能与装备制造合作,让国内产业资本与国外资源充分结合,在新型开放战略下推动供给侧改革,实现国内外产业发展共赢。
In recent years, many industrial sectors in China are facing serious overcapacity and bottlenecks in their traditional growth pattern, which is closely related to the mandatory technological changes in the process of industrialization in our country. Some departments over-relied on the trans-national transfer of scientific and technological achievements. As technological advances prejudiced capital, they also had to adapt to the relatively abundant labor endowments structure at that time. They selected production functions with complementary factors and simultaneously expanded capital and labor inputs and accumulated huge industrial production capacity. With rising labor costs, it is difficult for capital to substitute for the relatively expensive labor under a solidified production function, leaving a large amount of redundant labor in the industrial sector and causing disorderly industrial transfer, resulting in the current overcapacity. The key to achieving new growth momentum for the industry lies in promoting labor mobility to modern service industries and high-end manufacturing industries and accelerating cooperation in international capacity and equipment manufacturing so that domestic industrial capital can be fully integrated with foreign resources and the supply side can be promoted under the new open strategy Reform, Achieve Win-win Industrial Development at Home and Abroad.