人类最初在非洲生存时以及从非洲扩展到亚洲和欧洲后由于遗传漂变、基因突变和对不同自然环境的适应而形成了差异.18世纪起在一些差异的基础上人类被划分为5个人种,后来加上社会文化等因素又区分出许多小人种.一般将人类区分为3大人种,即黑种、黄种和白种,也有学者主张从黑种中再分出棕种,主要包含澳大利亚土著.各大人种本来分别具有一些不同的主要特征,但是从16世纪开始,欧洲白人向美洲、非洲和澳大利亚大举扩张并产生越来越多混血个体,从而改变了人种的地理分布并导致人种界线的模糊,终于使得生物学上人种概念不复存在.但是在日常生活、社会调查、医学和法医学实践中目前还不能完全离开基于人种的区分.此外,本文还讨论了关于种族主义和反种族主义的一些问题. Human beings, initially living in Africa and extending from Africa to Asia and Europe, developed differences due to genetic drift, mutations and adaptation to different natural environments. On the basis of some differences in the 18th century, humans were divided into five races , Followed by social and cultural factors also distinguish many races.Generally divided human beings into three major species, namely, black, yellow and white, some scholars advocate redistribution of brown seed from black, mainly including Australia Aboriginal people, each of whom had originally had some different major characteristics, but since the 16th century European whites expanded aggressively to the Americas, Africa and Australia and created more and more mixed individuals, altering the geographical distribution of race and leading to human The blurring of species boundary finally makes the concept of biological ethics cease to exist, but it is not possible to completely depart from race-based distinction in daily life, social investigation, medicine and forensic practice. In addition, this article also discusses the concept of racism And anti-racism.