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目的对比分析荧光实时定量PCR技术和ELISA技术在检测支原体肺炎中的可靠性和优劣性,探讨更加准确、快速的检测方法。方法收集本院儿科治疗的呼吸道感染患者446例,根据年龄将患者分组。收集患者咽拭子用于实时定量PCR检测肺炎支原体DNA(MP-DNA),收集血液用于酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测肺炎支原体抗体(MPIgM)。结果实时定量PCR技术检测MP-DNA总阳性率为37.00%,其中各年龄段阳性率分别为39.44%、37.31%、35.11%、28.95%,阳性检测率随年龄增加而降低;ELISA方法检测MP-IgM总阳性率为37.44%,其中各年龄段阳性率分别为18.89%、46.27%、50.00%、63.16%,阳性检测率随年龄增加而增加(P<0.05),PCR方法婴儿组患者检出率明显高于血清ELISA方法。结论 2种方法检测MP阳性率差异无统计学意义,但实时定量PCR法在1岁以下的阳性检出率更高(P<0.05),2种检测方法联合应用可更好地指导临床治疗。
Objective To compare and analyze the reliability and advantages and disadvantages of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and ELISA in the detection of Mycoplasma pneumonia, and to explore a more accurate and rapid detection method. Methods A total of 446 patients with respiratory tract infection were collected from our hospital and were divided into groups according to their age. Throat swabs were collected for real-time quantitative PCR detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA (MP-DNA), and blood was collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) antibody (MPIgM). Results The positive rate of MP-DNA in real-time quantitative PCR was 37.00%. The positive rates of MP-DNA in all age groups were 39.44%, 37.31%, 35.11% and 28.95% respectively. The positive detection rate decreased with the increase of age. The positive rate of IgM was 37.44%. The positive rate of IgM in all age groups was 18.89%, 46.27%, 50.00% and 63.16% respectively. The positive rate of IgM increased with the increase of age (P <0.05) Significantly higher than the serum ELISA method. Conclusion There is no significant difference between the two methods in detecting the positive rate of MP, but the real-time quantitative PCR method has a higher positive detection rate (P <0.05), and the combination of the two methods can better guide the clinical treatment.