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多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)是一种严重危害人类健康的中枢神经系统的慢性脱髓鞘性炎性疾病。近年来MS的发病率越来越高,“卫生假说”认为其可能是由于患者儿童时期较少接触病原体所致。大量流行病学数据与动物研究结果表明,寄生虫作为一类较成功的病原体,可主动调节宿主免疫应答,营造抗炎的免疫环境,从而缓解MS病情。其可通过多种机制下调炎症反应,包括抑制Th1/Th17反应,促进Th2反应,诱导调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)和调节性B细胞(regulatory B cells,Breg),调节树突状细胞功能等。其中,以诱导Treg及抗炎因子IL-10、TGF-β的产生最为重要。本文就寄生虫感染治疗MS的流行病学证据、免疫调节机制及应用前景进行综述。
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which is seriously endangering human health. In recent years, the incidence of MS is getting higher and higher, “health hypothesis ” think it may be due to less contact with pathogens during childhood. A large number of epidemiological data and animal studies show that the parasite as a more successful pathogen can actively adjust the host immune response and create an anti-inflammatory immune environment, thereby alleviating the MS condition. It can down-regulate the inflammatory response through a variety of mechanisms, including inhibition of Th1 / Th17 responses, promotion of Th2 responses, induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs), regulation of dendritic Cell function and so on. Among them, to induce Treg and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, TGF-β production is the most important. In this paper, the epidemiological evidence of parasitic infection in the treatment of MS, immune regulatory mechanisms and application prospects are reviewed.