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目的探讨早期自然流产(SA)胚胎中染色体数目异常的发生率及其与孕妇年龄的关系。方法利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术对357例早期自然流产胚胎进行染色体数目的检测,并分析早期自然流产中染色体数目异常与孕妇年龄,妊娠周数及流产次数之间的相关性。结果在所检测流产胚胎样本中有184例胚胎存在染色体数目异常,异常发生率为51.54%(184/357)。多数是常染色体三体数目异常,其中常染色体三体中以16号染色体的三体最为常见。染色体数目异常的发生率随着孕妇年龄的增加而升高,且在不同年龄段之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而不同流产次数以及阶段的流产(大于或小于10周)与染色体数目异常之间没有显著的相关性(P>0.05)。结论染色体数目异常是导致胚胎早期自然流产最主要的原因,非整倍体尤其是常染色体三体是最常见的异常核型,且随着孕妇年龄的增加染色体数目异常的风险显著升高。
Objective To investigate the incidence of chromosome abnormalities in early spontaneous abortion (SA) embryos and its relationship with the age of pregnant women. Methods Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the number of chromosomes in 357 cases of early spontaneous abortion. The correlation between the number of chromosome abnormalities and the age of pregnant women, gestational weeks and the number of abortions was analyzed. Results The number of chromosome abnormalities in 184 embryos was detected in aborted fetuses. The abnormality rate was 51.54% (184/357). Most are autosomal trisomy number anomalies, including autosomal trisomy 16 chromosome trisomy most common. The incidence of abnormal chromosome number increased with the increase of the age of pregnant women, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) between different age groups; while the number of miscarriage and the stage of miscarriage (more or less than 10 weeks) There was no significant correlation with chromosomal abnormalities (P> 0.05). Conclusions Abnormal number of chromosomes is the most important cause of spontaneous abortion in early embryo. Aneuploidy, especially autosomal trisomy, is the most common abnormal karyotype, and the risk of abnormal chromosome number increases with the age of pregnant women.