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近年来急剧增加的遗传资源数量给种质资源的保存、研究与利用带来了很大困难。为解决这一矛盾，Frankel（1984）和Brown（1989）提出并发展了核心种质（CoreCollection）的概念，即以最少的遗传资源份数最大限度的代表该物种的遗传多样性；至今全世界在硬粒小麦、花生和一年生育情等30余种植物上已经进行了核心种质研究；本文对有关核心种质构建的理论依据、开展核心种质研究的步骤、方法和内容以及核心种质的检验指标作了全面系统的阐述；此外，作者在Frankel的核心种质的概念的基础上，提出核心种质还应包含有实际应用价值的优异基因，并强调核心种质应该是一个动态变化的群体。
The sharp increase in the number of genetic resources in recent years has caused great difficulties in the preservation, research and utilization of germplasm resources. To solve this paradox, Frankel (1984) and Brown (1989) proposed and developed the concept of CoreCollection that maximizes the genetic diversity of a species with a minimum of copies of the genetic resources; Core collections have been studied on more than 30 species of plants such as Durum wheat, peanuts and annual breeding. In this paper, the theoretical basis for the construction of core collection, the steps, methods and contents of core collection, In addition, based on the concept of Frankel’s core collection, the author proposed that the core collection should contain excellent genes of practical value, and emphasized that the core collection should be a dynamic Changing groups.