目的探讨汶川地震灾区灾后3个月疾病谱的变化及医学救援分期方法。方法根据《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类》,先将疾病分为外伤/伤口类疾病、非外伤性外科疾病、内科疾病三大类,再按各专科救治情况进行分类统计。结果震后7d内发生疾病以外伤/伤口类疾病占绝大多数;震后8d非外伤性外科疾病发病率逐渐升高,1个月后发病率稳定于50.72%～54.20%,主要为骨科类疾病和妇产科类疾病;震后4d内科性疾病发病率逐渐升高,1个月后稳定于44.32%～48.69%,主要为急性呼吸道、消化道感染、过敏性皮肤病和心理性疾病。结论汶川地震灾难医学救援可分为早、中、晚三期。早期(震后1～7d)疾病种类主要为外伤/伤口类;中期(8～30d)既有一般性内外科疾病,又有余震和地震所造成的次生灾害类伤病,此期为震后精神类疾病的高发期;晚期(震后1～3个月)多为当地常见病、多发病。 Objective To investigate the change of disease spectrum and medical rescue staging method in 3 months after Wenchuan earthquake stricken area. Methods According to the “International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems”, the disease was divided into three categories: traumatic / wound diseases, non-traumatic surgical diseases and medical diseases, and then classified according to the special treatment. Results The incidence of traumatic / wound diseases accounted for the overwhelming majority within 7 days after the earthquake. The incidence of non-traumatic surgical diseases gradually increased after 8 days and the incidence was stable at 50.72% -54.20% after 1 month, mainly orthopedics Diseases and obstetrics and gynecology diseases. The morbidity of medical diseases gradually increased after 4 days and 44.32% ~ 48.69% after 1 month, mainly including acute respiratory tract, digestive tract infection, allergic skin diseases and psychological diseases. Conclusion Medical rescue in Wenchuan earthquake disaster can be divided into three phases: early, middle and late. In the early stage (1-7 days after the earthquake), the main types of diseases were trauma / wounds. In the mid-term (8-30 days), there were both general and surgical diseases, as well as aftershocks and earthquakes caused by secondary disasters, Mental illness after the high incidence of; late (1 to 3 months after the earthquake) and more for the local common disease, frequently-occurring disease.