卢卡奇在总体性问题上基本符合马克思的思想,但在主体—客体关系问题上,却没有摆脱唯心主义的窠臼。这样导致他在对自然与社会的关系问题的思考中总有失偏颇,像一个钟摆,时而摆向自然,时而摆向社会,割裂了二者的辩证统一关系:(1)早年提出了“自然是一个社会范畴”。(2)晚年强调“自然存在对社会存在”的基础作用。文章通过马克思的自然、人化自然、自觉自由活动来阐明自然—人—社会的辩证统一关系。 Lukacs generally conforms to Marx’s thinking on the overall issues, but does not get rid of the idealism in the subject-object relationship. As a result, his thinking on the relationship between nature and society has always been biased, like a pendulum, sometimes turned to nature, and sometimes set off to society, separating the dialectical unity of the two: (1) Nature is a social category “. (2) In his later years, he emphasized the fundamental role of ”natural existence to social existence." Through Marx’s natural, human nature, consciously and freely activities, the article expounds the dialectical unity of nature-human-society.