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强制反诉制度是由美国创设确立的,与任意反诉制度相对,要求被告的诉讼请求如果与原告诉讼请求具有牵连性时,必须在反诉中提出,并且法官必须合并审理的制度。强制反诉具有诉讼经济、保护司法终局性、实现程序正义的作用。本文通过强制反诉制度的概念与制度基础研究,比较考察美国与法国反诉制度的立法情况,借鉴国外立法与司法经验,进一步结合我国反诉制度立法缺陷及实践漏洞,探讨在我国引入强制反诉的必要性、可行性,最后提出在我国构建二元反诉机制,并设置相关配套程序规定的立法建议。
Compulsory counterclaim system was established by the United States, as opposed to an arbitrary counterclaim system, requiring the defendant’s claim to be brought into the counterclaim if it is implicated in the plaintiff’s claim, and the judge must merge the hearing system. Compulsory counterclaims have litigation economy, protect judicial finality and realize procedural justice. In this paper, the concept of counterclaim system and the basic research of the system are compared to examine the legislation of the counterclaim system in the United States and France. The legislation and judicial experience in foreign countries are used to draw lessons from the defects of legislation and practice loopholes in our counterclaim system and the necessity of introducing counterclaims in our country , Feasibility, and finally proposed to build a dual counterclaim mechanism in our country, and set the relevant legislative provisions recommended by the program.