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诺思和马克思的制度变迁思想最根本的分歧在于,是思想决定物质,还是物质决定思想;诺思将制度变迁的最终原因归结为信念,而马克思与之相反,将最终原因归结为生产力。在制度变迁的目标模式上,诺思持渐进演化的立场,马克思持激进革命的立场。在制度变迁的门阶条件上,诺思强调了权利的非人际关系化,马克思认为生产力条件是制度变迁的首要和核心条件。在制度变迁的动力系统上,诺思构建了“信念→制度→组织→政策→绩效”的动力系统,认为信念体系是制度变迁的根本动力;马克思构建了“生产力→生产关系/经济基础→上层建筑”的动力系统,认为生产力是制度变迁的根本动力。在制度变迁的伦理评价上,诺思坚持了效率的伦理观,马克思坚持了权力的伦理观。
The fundamental difference between North’s and Marx’s ideas on institutional change lies in whether it is the matter of ideological decision or material decision; North ultimately attributes the ultimate cause of institutional change to belief, and Marx concludes the ultimate cause, on the contrary, to productivity. In the target mode of institutional change, North holds the position of gradual evolution and Marx holds the position of radical revolution. At the threshold of institutional change, North emphasized the non-human relations of rights. Marx considered the conditions of productive forces as the primary and core conditions for institutional change. On the motivation system of institutional change, North constructs the motivation system of “faith → system → organization → policy → performance”, believing that belief system is the fundamental motivation of institutional change; Marx constructs “the productive forces → the relations of production / economy Basic → superstructure ”power system, that productivity is the fundamental driving force of institutional change. In the ethical evaluation of institutional change, North insisted on the ethics of efficiency, and Marx insisted on the ethics of power.