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对引种于陕西汉中地区的三倍体卷丹的小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程、花粉生活力和可育性进行了分析。结果显示:减数分裂时期与花蕾、花药长度及花药壁颜色呈现出一定的相关性,处于减数分裂时期的卷丹花蕾长度在2.5～3.2 cm之间,花药长度在1.4～1.8 cm之间;从细线期到成熟花粉粒,花药壁的颜色呈现出淡绿色-淡黄绿色-黄绿色-橘黄色的变化趋势,花药内容物颜色也从透明逐渐变为粘稠的橘红色。减数分裂终变期染色体构型以三价体为主,平均构型为:11.6Ⅲ+2Ⅱ+1.1Ⅰ,可判断该种源地卷丹为同源三倍体。减数分裂中出现染色体不均等分裂、染色体落后、染色体桥及微核现象,同时观察到成熟花粉粒大小差异较大,极轴与赤道轴乘积在839.465～3327.907μm2范围内,趋于正态分布,为三倍体卷丹花粉的高度不育提供了细胞学证据。以卷丹为母本与大花卷丹进行杂交,得到一定数量的种子,其中有胚率达到了43.0%,成苗率为67.4%,说明三倍体卷丹在百合育种中具有一定的价值。
The meiosis of pollen mother cells, pollen viability and fertility of triploid Chinese rhizome introduced in Hanzhong region of Shaanxi Province were analyzed. The results showed that the stages of meiosis were related to flower buds, length of anther and the color of anther wall. The length of flower buds was between 2.5 and 3.2 cm at meiosis stage and the anther length was between 1.4 and 1.8 cm From the fine line to mature pollen grains, the color of anther wall showed a pale green-yellowish green-yellow-green-orange color. The color of the anther’s contents changed from transparent to sticky orange-red. The chromosome configuration at the final stage of meiosis is mainly trivalent, with the average configuration of 11.6Ⅲ + 2Ⅱ + 1.1Ⅰ, which can be judged as the autotriploid. Meiotic chromosomes were found to be heterogeneous chromosome split, chromosomal rearrangements, chromosome bridges and micronuclei. At the same time, the size of mature pollen grains varied greatly. The product of polar axis and equatorial axis ranged from 839.465 to 3327.907μm2 and tended to be normal distribution , Which provided cytological evidence for the high sterility of triploid B. tabaci pollen. The results showed that the embryo rate reached 43.0% and the seedling rate was 67.4%, which indicated that the triploid rhizome had some value in the breeding of lily.