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首先通过对鄂中W村新中国成立60年来农田水利变迁的调查,笔者集中对村与村、组与组以及家户三种不同主体之间的农田水利纠纷进行了深入研究,发现从纠纷发生的内部机制上可以将它们归纳为两种类型:“搭便车”型纠纷和“分割水”型纠纷。接着,笔者结合公共事务治理方面的相关理论,对两种纠纷的逻辑以及历史变迁进行了更进一步的分析。最后探讨了W村农田水利纠纷的化解机制,发现暴力、话语与国家介入是其中的关键词,在这个过程中同时论述了农田水利纠纷与乡村秩序之间的一些关系,发现目前农田用水的“失序”大大影响了乡村社会的生产和生活秩序,并对乡村治理产生了极大的负面影响。
First of all, by investigating the changes of farmland water conservancy in the 60 years after the founding of New China in the W village of Hubei province, the author has conducted an intensive study on the disputes over farmland water conservancy among the three main groups: village and village, group and group, and household households. They can be grouped into two types of internal mechanisms: “free-rider” type disputes and “split-water” type disputes. Then, combined with the relevant theory of public affairs governance, the author analyzes the logic and historical changes of the two disputes further. Lastly, it explores the mechanism of resolving farmland water disputes in W village. It is found that violence, discourse and state intervention are the key words in this process. At the same time, some relations between farmland water conservancy disputes and rural order are discussed. “Disorder” has greatly affected the production and living order of rural society and has had a tremendous negative impact on rural governance.