一、改革计划预期检修制的必要性 在机械维修中,三十多年来,我国执行的是计划预期检修制。本制度是依据准确的工作台时记录,由记录的数理分析,根据磨损规律制定的修理周期和修理类别。简称周期结构。也就是说,它是以周期结构和修理复杂系数等一套定额标准为主体的。但是,机械的磨损规律与材料的性质、加工质量、安装与调试水平、机上人员的操作水平、日常维护保养的好坏、工作环境优劣、各种台时记录的准确与否等,有着重要关系。再加之引进设备日益增多和机型的复杂化,上述种种多变的因素,使机械的磨损状况与周期保养不相符,周期结构越来越复杂,必然导致维修及换件不当等盲目性修理。 如果继续沿用这种制度,对提高工程机械的经济效益是十分不利的。我公司机械完好率多年来虽然保持了90％以上,但付出的经济代价也是逐年增加的。仅我公司土方处的200多台施工机械,每年的维修费竟高达200～310万 I. The Necessity of the Expected Maintenance System of the Reform Plan In the maintenance of machinery, for more than 30 years, China has implemented the planned maintenance system. This system is based on accurate work-table records, mathematical analysis of records, and repair cycles and repair categories based on wear laws. Short cycle structure. In other words, it is based on a set of fixed standards such as the periodic structure and the repair complex coefficient. However, it is important that mechanical wear patterns and material properties, processing quality, installation and commissioning levels, operation level of on-board personnel, quality of daily maintenance, quality of work environment, accuracy of various types of time records, etc. relationship. Coupled with the increase in the number of imported equipment and the complexity of models, the above-mentioned various factors make the wear condition of the machinery inconsistent with the periodic maintenance, and the periodic structure becomes more and more complex, which inevitably leads to blind repair such as maintenance and improper replacement. If we continue to use this system, it will be very unfavorable to improve the economic efficiency of construction machinery. Although the company’s mechanical integrity rate has remained over 90% for many years, the economic cost paid is also increasing year by year. Only more than 200 construction machinery of our company’s earthworks cost as much as 200 to 3.1 million yuan per year.