滑坡、崩坍主要发生在断层带、植被受破坏的斜坡、设计不周的工程点,常表现为洪水、地震的次生灾害。本世纪最大的滑坡事件发生在中国海原(1920年),这次地震丧生23.4万人,实际上大部分死于滑坡。滑坡和崩坍都是山体、岩石、土块的向下移动,表面现象非常相似,有时被人归为一类,统称为“滑塌”。实际上是有区别的。滑坡是山地或斜坡的一部分,由于降雨、融雪、地下水急剧增加等原因,平衡受到破坏,整体向下滑动的现象。崩坍是斜坡上的岩 Landslides and collapses mainly occur in fault zones, damaged vegetation slopes and poorly designed engineering sites, often as secondary disasters such as floods and earthquakes. The largest landslide of this century took place in Hai Yuan, China (1920), which killed 234,000 people and in fact most died of landslides. Landslides and collapses are the downward movement of mountains, rocks and clods. The surface phenomena are very similar and sometimes classified as “slippery slopes.” There are actually differences. Landslide is a part of a mountain or a slope. Due to rainfall, snowmelt, and drastic increase in groundwater, the landslide balance is destroyed and slides downward as a whole. Collapse is the rock on the slope