目的　了解与小儿脑性瘫痪 (脑瘫 )有关的致病危险因素。方法　采用整群抽样的方法作横断面调查四川乐山地区 1～ 6岁儿童脑瘫的患病情况。并用 1∶2病例 对照研究了解脑瘫致病的危险因素。结果　调查该地区 1～ 6岁儿童 14 872 3名 ,诊断为脑瘫者 30 8人 ,患病率为 2 0 7‰。低出生体重儿、双胎孪生、早产儿脑瘫患病率明显增高 ,分别是正常出生体重儿童、单胎、足月产儿的 16 32倍、4 16倍和 2 2 2 1倍。单因素logistic分析显示影响脑瘫发生的因素涉及多种病因。多因素logistic分析脑瘫的危险因素为在家中分娩、出生后 5minApgar评分低、孩子生后 1个月内患病、母亲孕期感冒发热、孕期蛋白质 (肉食和禽蛋 )摄入少以及文化程度较低等。结论　该地区小儿脑瘫的患病率及其特点与发达国家相当 ,其相关危险因素主要集中在孕期和围产期 ,涉及母亲、儿童、环境和遗传诸多方面 ,因此重视孕期和围产期的母婴保健是减少小儿脑瘫患病率的重要手段。 Objective To understand the risk factors associated with cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy) in children. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the prevalence of cerebral palsy in children aged 1 ~ 6 years in Leshan, Sichuan province. And 1: 2 case-control study to understand the risk factors for cerebral palsy. Results A total of 14,872 children aged 1 to 6 years were surveyed in the area. A total of 30 8 children with cerebral palsy were diagnosed with a prevalence of 207%. Prevalence of low birth weight children, twin twins, premature children with cerebral palsy significantly increased prevalence, respectively, normal birth weight children, single and full-term children of 1632 times, 4 16 times and 2221 times. Univariate logistic analysis showed that many factors contributed to the occurrence of cerebral palsy. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the risk factors for cerebral palsy were childbirth at home, low Apgar score at 5 min after birth, illness within 1 month after childbirth, cold and fever during pregnancy, less intake of protein (meat and eggs) and lower education level Wait. Conclusions The prevalence and characteristics of pediatric cerebral palsy in this area are similar to those in developed countries. The related risk factors mainly focus on pregnancy and perinatal period, involving many aspects of mother, children, environment and genetics. Infant health care is an important means of reducing the prevalence of cerebral palsy in children.