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由于溃坝失事后果的严重性,文章研究了溃坝过程中的水流特性,建立了二维矩形水柱在重力作用下瞬间全溃的数学模型,基于无量纲数分析,运用数值模拟的方法对比了深宽比在1:1~8:1时不同初始水位矩形水体坝前残余水深在溃坝过程中的变化规律。结果表明:矩形水柱在溃坝过程中上游残余水深的变化规律具有一致性,并推导得到了基于深宽比的坝前残余水深函数随时间变化的统一公式,该公式在特征时间小于6,深宽比1~8时具有较高的精度。
Due to the severity of the consequences of the dam failure, the paper studies the characteristics of water flow in the process of dam breakage, and establishes a mathematical model of instantaneous collapse of a two-dimensional rectangular water column under gravity. Based on the dimensionless number analysis and numerical simulation, The variation law of the residual water depth in front of rectangular dam with different initial water level when the aspect ratio is 1: 1 ~ 8: 1. The results show that the regularity of residual water depth of rectangular water column in the process of dam break is consistent and the uniform formula of the residual water depth function before water change with time is deduced. Based on the formula, when the characteristic time is less than 6, Aspect ratio 1 to 8 with higher accuracy.