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目的为了解农村婴幼儿血清维生素A(VA)营养状况和血清类胡萝卜素水平,以及两者关系和相关影响因素而开展本研究。方法采用整群抽样方法,对山东省临沂市某镇辖区内254名6～24月龄健康婴幼儿进行健康体检和喂养状况调查。采集足背静脉血样,用高效液相色谱法测定血清视黄醇和β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄素及叶黄素+玉米黄素含量。用膳食频率法回顾性调查婴幼儿最近一个月内的各类食物摄入状况,分析喂养状况与血清视黄醇和类胡萝卜素水平的关系。结果被调查婴幼儿血清视黄醇浓度平均为(0.96±0.55)μmol/L,不同月龄段间没有明显差异(P>0.05);血清VA缺乏率为40.6%,边缘性VA缺乏率为32.6%。血清β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄素和叶黄素+玉米黄素浓度的平均值分别为(0.056±0.088)μmol/L、(3.3±12.1)nmol/L、(27.0±45.2)nmol/L和(0.22±0.22)μmol/L。不同月龄段儿童血清叶黄素+玉米黄素浓度存在差异(P<0.05),13～18月龄段低于6～12月龄儿童。母乳喂养和配方奶粉是影响婴幼儿血清视黄醇和β-胡萝卜素水平的主要因素。母乳喂养频率与β-胡萝卜素水平呈负相关(P<0.05),而配方粉喂养频率与血清视黄醇和除α-胡萝卜素以外的类胡萝卜素水平呈正相关(均为P<0.05);水果蔬菜喂养频率则只与血清β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素和β-隐黄素浓度呈正相关。血清视黄醇与类胡萝卜素各组分,以及类胡萝卜素各组分之间,具有显著正相关关系(均为P<0.001)。结论调查的农村婴幼儿血清VA营养状况较差,血清β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄素及叶黄素+玉米黄素浓度与母乳、配方奶粉、水果蔬菜添加等喂养状况关系密切。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of serum vitamin A (VA) and the level of serum carotenoids in infants and young children in rural areas, as well as the relationship between the two and related factors. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the health status and feeding status of 254 infants from 6 to 24 months old in a town in Linyi City of Shandong Province. Dorsal venous blood samples were collected and serum retinol and β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lutein + zeaxanthin were determined by HPLC. The dietary frequency method was used to retrospectively survey all kinds of food intake in infants and children in the recent month and to analyze the relationship between feeding status and serum retinol and carotenoid levels. Results The average serum retinol concentration in infants and young children was (0.96 ± 0.55) μmol / L, there was no significant difference between different age groups (P> 0.05). The serum VA deficiency rate was 40.6% and the marginal VA deficiency rate was 32.6 %. The average values of serum β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lutein + zeaxanthin were (0.056 ± 0.088) μmol / L and (3.3 ± 12.1) nmol / L and (27.0 ± 45.2 ) nmol / L and (0.22 ± 0.22) μmol / L. There was a significant difference in the serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin among children of different ages (P <0.05), and children aged 13 to 18 months were lower than those of children aged 6 to 12 months. Breastfeeding and formula are the main factors that affect serum retinol and beta-carotene levels in infants and young children. The frequency of breastfeeding was negatively correlated with the level of β-carotene (P <0.05), while the frequency of formula feeding was positively correlated with the levels of serum retinol and carotenoids except α-carotene (both P <0.05) The frequency of vegetable feeding was only positively correlated with the serum concentrations of β-carotene, α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. There was a significant positive correlation between serum retinol and each component of carotenoids and each component of carotenoids (P <0.001 for both). Conclusion The results showed that serum VA level in rural infants and young children was poor. Serum concentrations of β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin were significantly different from those of breast milk, formula and fruits and vegetables Close relationship.