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本文基于2000—2011年中国光伏、风电设备制造企业统计数据与十余家企业实地调研,运用技术路线图,研究从国际技术转移依赖走向本土创新驱动的技术创新模式转变。基于中国光伏和风电设备制造产业迅速发展时期的经验,研究发现,国际技术转移对新兴产业技术进步影响显著,但不同国际技术转移方式的作用迥异:国际智力回流和技术设备采购在光伏产业迅速崛起时期,成为促进技术创新能力提升的有效途径,而外商直接投资(FDI)的作用却比较有限。与此同时,积极的产业政策对光伏、风电设备制造业的迅速崛起,特别是产业集聚的形成和发展提供有力支撑;不断增强的产业空间集聚,亦能够有效促进企业本地化学习,有利于产业技术创新能力提升。
This article is based on the statistical data of Chinese PV and wind power equipment manufacturing enterprises from 2000 to 2011 and field surveys of more than a dozen companies, using technology roadmaps to study the shift from technology transfer from international technology transfer to local innovation-driven technological innovation. Based on the experience of the rapid development period of China’s photovoltaic and wind power equipment manufacturing industries, the study found that international technology transfer has a significant impact on the technological progress of emerging industries, but the role of different international technology transfer methods is quite different: international intellectual backflow and technology equipment procurement have risen rapidly in the photovoltaic industry. During the period, it has become an effective way to promote the improvement of technological innovation capabilities, while the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been relatively limited. At the same time, active industrial policies provide strong support for the rapid rise of photovoltaic and wind power equipment manufacturing industries, especially the formation and development of industrial agglomerations; the ever-increasing industrial space agglomeration can also effectively promote the localization of enterprises and facilitate the development of industries. Technological innovation ability.