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在近代西学东渐过程中,中国方志编撰也开始近代转型。“志图”是方志一项重要内容,因地理学在古代中国的滞后,一直缺乏科学性,不仅地图要素有历史化特征,绘制方法上则着意突出礼制布局、景观意境等,在具体方位、比例上只是大概,而非写实。1917年山西省公署颁布郭象升《山西各县志书凡例》,在吸纳章学诚、徐继畲等方志思想基础上,接受近代地理学成果,提出“志图”要用“新测绘法,务须精审”;同时,因山西省城镇发展落后,城镇图志编绘理论又存在明显不足。毋庸置疑,郭氏理论在山西地方志近代转型中具有开山意义。
In the course of modern western learning, the compilation of Chinese chronicles also started the modern transformation. Because of the lag of geography in ancient China, science has always been lacking. Not only are the features of the map historic, but the methods of drawing are intended to emphasize the layout of the ceremony and the artistic conception of the landscape. Specific orientation, the ratio is only about, rather than realistic. In 1917, Shanxi Provincial Office promulgated Guo Xiangsheng, “Every Example of Shanxi County Local Records,” accepted the local geography achievements on the basis of absorbing the thought of Zhang Xuecheng and Xu Jiyu and put forward the new method of mapping, At the same time, due to the backward development of urban and rural areas in Shanxi Province, there are obvious deficiencies in the compilation of urban illustration. Needless to say, Kuo’s theory has the meaning of opening mountains in the modern transformation of Shanxi local chronicles.