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基于16S r RNA基因,采用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析和比较了涠洲油气田开发区表层海水和沉积物中微生物群落结构。Shannon多样性指数表明涠洲油气田微生物多样性较高,并且表层海水的微生物多样性要高于沉积物。表层海水中微生物以芽孢杆菌Bacilli居多,其次为蓝细菌Cyanobacteria、α变形菌Alphaproteobacteria和γ变形菌Gammaproteobacteria;而沉积物中微生物群落主要类群为γ变形菌。维恩图表明涠洲油气田表层海水的微生物组成或沉积物的微生物组成各自具有一定的相似性,热图和主成分分析则发现该两类环境介质之间的微生物结构差异较大。Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序还发现涠洲油气田存在潜在石油类降解菌假单胞菌属Pseudomonas、鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas、红球菌属Rhodococcus和分枝杆菌属Mycobacterium,并且沉积物中该四类微生物相对比例要高于表层海水,这一现象可能由环境中石油类含量决定。研究将为评价油气开发活动对微生物群落的影响提供依据,并为海洋环境中石油污染的生物修复提供基础数据。
Based on the 16S rRNA gene, the Illumina Mi Seq high-throughput sequencing technique was used to analyze and compare the microbial community structure in the surface seawater and sediment of the Weizhou Oil and Gas Field. The Shannon diversity index indicates that microbial diversity is high in the Weizhou oil and gas field, and the microbial diversity of surface waters is higher than that of sediments. Bacilli was the most common bacterium in the surface seawater, followed by Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. The main microbial community in the sediments was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Venn diagram shows that the microbiological composition of surface seawater or the microbial composition of sediment in Weizhou oil and gas field have their own certain similarities. The heat map and principal component analysis find that the microbiological structure of the two types of environmental medium is quite different. Illumina Mi Seq high-throughput sequencing also revealed the presence of Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium in potential oil-degrading bacteria in the Weizhou oil and gas field, The relative proportion of four types of microorganisms is higher than the surface water, the phenomenon may be determined by the oil content of the environment. The study will provide a basis for assessing the impact of oil and gas development activities on microbial communities and provide basic data for bioremediation of oil pollution in the marine environment.