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我国铁路车辆正朝高速、重载方向发展,空心车轴的采用是减轻簧下质量的重要措施,其疲劳强度分析更是车轴设计中的关键问题。针对时速250km/h高速客车的空心车轴,通过有限元分析确定轮轴的应力集中情况。考虑空心车轴的运行安全性,运用理论和理论,分别计算了车轴的疲劳损伤量,结果均表明车轴尚未开始疲劳破坏,验证了理论的实用性。提出用等效应力换算法分析计算不同目标寿命下车轴的疲劳应力值;结合工程实际得到不同置信水平下的车轴疲劳强度。通过应用正交实验方法分析各因素对轴重和集中应力的影响,结果表明:轴身外径是关键影响因素,经选取得出空心车轴的一组最佳优化参数,验证方法的有效性。
China’s railway vehicles are moving in the direction of high speed and heavy load. The adoption of hollow axles is an important measure to reduce the unsprung mass. The analysis of fatigue strength is a key issue in axle design. According to the hollow axle of 250km / h high speed passenger car, the stress concentration of the axle is determined by finite element analysis. Considering the running safety of the hollow axle, the fatigue damage of the axle was calculated respectively by theory and theory. The results show that the axle has not yet started to fatigue failure, which verifies the practicability of the theory. It is proposed to calculate and calculate the fatigue stress of axles with different target lifetimes by using the equivalent stress conversion method. The fatigue strength of axles with different confidence levels is obtained according to the engineering practice. The effects of various factors on axial load and concentration stress were analyzed by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the outer diameter of the shaft was the key factor, and the optimal parameters of the hollow shaft were selected to verify the effectiveness of the method.