目的　为揭示P5 3抗癌基因与卵巢上皮肿瘤发病学的关系 ,对P5 3基因 5 -8外显子突变进行了检测。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 -DNA单链构象多态性分析法 ,以同期良性卵巢上皮肿瘤作对照组。结果　 30例卵巢良性上皮肿瘤中P5 3基因突变 3例 (10 % ) ;而 5 0例恶性卵巢上皮肿瘤中发生突变 19例 (38% ) ,经 χ2 检验 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。但不同组织学分级时P5 3基因点突变差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　恶性卵巢上皮肿瘤P5 3基因 5 -8外显子点突变发生率 ,明显高于卵巢良性上皮肿瘤 ,该种突变可能与恶性卵巢上皮肿瘤的发生有关。但P5 3基因 5 -8外显子点突变与组织学分级无关 Objective To reveal the relationship between the P53 antitumor gene and the pathogenesis of ovarian epithelial neoplasm, and detect the mutation of 5 -5 exon of P5 3 gene. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-DNA single strand conformation polymorphism analysis was used to compare benign ovarian epithelial tumors as control group. Results The mutation of P53 gene in 30 cases of ovarian benign epithelial tumors was found in 3 cases (10%), while in 50 cases of malignant ovarian epithelial tumors, 19 cases (38%) were found mutation, the difference was significant (P <0 0) 5). However, there was no significant difference in point mutation of P53 gene in different histological grades (P> 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of 5 -8 exon mutation in P53 gene in malignant ovarian epithelial tumor is significantly higher than that in benign epithelial ovarian tumor, which may be related to the occurrence of malignant ovarian epithelial tumor. However, the point mutation of 5 -5 in P5 3 gene was not associated with histological grade