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目的调查分析湖北省核和辐射卫生应急相关机构的职责分工、能力现状以及存在的问题,为下一步工作与建设做准备。方法对湖北省省市级卫生行政部门、疾控机构及指定医院采用统一的问卷进行调查,并且对结果进行统计分析。结果共调查33家省市级卫生机构。各机构均无核和辐射应急专项经费,且设备和药品储备不足;26.7%的机构尚未编写本级预案。2014—2016年,14家(42.4%)机构参加核和辐射应急培训,4家(12.1%)机构参加演练,3家(9.1%)开展过宣传教育。受调查的疾病预防控制中心(CDC)中,相关应急人员高级职称和高等学历人数比例较低;现场辐射水平检测开展率为64.6%;表面污染检测开展率为45.5%;过量受照人员的剂量估算工作开展率为54.5%;卫生应急人员剂量监测开展率为45.5%。受调查的指定医院中,相关科室及人员配备不足;伤员救治、伤员去污洗消工作开展率为100%;过量受照人员的医学跟踪工作开展率为45.5%。结论湖北省各有关卫生机构应重点加强核和辐射卫生应急队伍建设,制定和完善相关部门应急预案,加大设备、药品与资金投入,定期组织应急培训与演练,做好相关的宣传活动,能力建设有待进一步加强。
Objective To investigate and analyze the division of responsibilities, current capabilities and existing problems of Hubei-based nuclear and radiation emergency agencies so as to prepare for the next step of work and construction. Methods A survey was conducted by using a unified questionnaire among provincial and municipal health administrative departments, disease control institutions and designated hospitals in Hubei Province, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 33 provincial and municipal health agencies were investigated. All agencies have no special funds for nuclear and radiation emergency and lack of equipment and medicine reserves; 26.7% of institutions have not prepared this level of plans. From 2014 to 2016, 14 (42.4%) institutions participated in nuclear and radiation emergency training, 4 (12.1%) institutions participated in the exercises, and 3 (9.1%) conducted publicity and education. Among CDCs under investigation, the proportion of senior professional title and senior high school education level of relevant emergency personnel is relatively low; the rate of on-site radiation level detection is 64.6%; the rate of surface contamination detection is 45.5%; the dosage of over-exposed personnel The estimated rate of work development was 54.5%. The rate of dose monitoring for health emergency personnel was 45.5%. Among the designated hospitals under investigation, the relevant departments and staffing were inadequate; the rate of carrying out casualty treatment and decontamination and decontamination was 100%; and that of over-exposed staff was 45.5%. Conclusion All relevant health institutions in Hubei Province should focus on strengthening contingent of nuclear and radiation health workers, formulate and improve contingency plans for relevant departments, increase equipment, medicines and capital inputs, organize emergency training and drills on a regular basis, and conduct relevant publicity activities and abilities Construction needs to be further strengthened.