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出生缺陷预防是通过宣传教育筛查、诊断、治疗的方式降低出生缺陷率。出生缺陷的一级预防是通过孕前筛查、孕前咨询、优生讲座等方式来达到减少缺陷发生的目的。但是存在很多因素影响一级预防的实施及效果:城市化导致的育龄人群人口学特征变化的影响、人群生活环境变化产生的新需求的影响、育龄人群对一级预防重要性认识不足的影响、前沿的医学科研成果应用与一级预防不足的影响、一级预防技术人员专业水平低的影响。为了减少影响因素做好出生缺陷一级预防工作,政策保证并组织落实,出生缺陷干预的宣传,建立长期有效模式是达到一级预防效果的重要途径。
Birth defect prevention is to reduce the birth defect rate by means of propaganda, education, screening, diagnosis and treatment. Primary prevention of birth defects through pre-pregnancy screening, pre-pregnancy counseling, prenatal lectures, etc. to achieve the purpose of reducing defects. However, there are many factors that affect the implementation and effectiveness of primary prevention: the demographic characteristics of the reproductive-aged population caused by urbanization; the impact of new demands arising from changes in the living environment of the population; and the lack of awareness of the importance of primary prevention among those of childbearing age, The forefront of the application of medical research results and the impact of a lack of prevention, a professional technicians to prevent a low level of influence. In order to reduce the impact of factors to do a good job of primary prevention of birth defects, policy assurance and implementation, birth defects intervention propaganda, the establishment of long-term effective model is an important way to achieve a preventive effect.