本文主要讨论口服制剂中药物的弱透过性、胃肠道的解剖学和生物化学因素 ,以及吸收途径。阐述了吸收促进剂的基本概念、定义、分类和毒理学作用。在分子水平上讨论了胃肠道上皮细胞膜的生物化学和生物物理特点 ,肽类和蛋白质通过粘膜的生化和物理机制。 This article focuses on the weak permeability of drugs in oral preparations, gastrointestinal anatomy and biochemistry, and absorption pathways. The basic concepts, definitions, classification and toxicological effects of absorption enhancers are described. At the molecular level, the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of gastrointestinal epithelial cell membranes, the biochemical and physical mechanisms by which peptides and proteins pass through the mucosa, are discussed.