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为研究有机肥以及化肥对氮素利用以及损失的影响,针对当前蔬菜生产中面积较大和产量较高的番茄进行盆栽控制性试验,设置等氮条件下3个肥料处理,即有机肥(M)、化肥(U)、有机肥和化肥各半(MU),以及对照CK(不施氮肥、种植作物)和CKN(不施氮肥、不种作物),对番茄产量、氨挥发、N_2O排放等进行监测分析。结果表明,MU、U、M 3个处理产量无显著差异。与U、MU相比,M能够降低氨挥发损失62%和57%,降低N_2O排放量53%和69%。土壤中残留的肥料氮量为M(64.9%)>MU(36.7%)>U(23.7%),且3个处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。结合氮素损失和作物产量,说明施用有机肥能在一定程度上保证番茄高产、降低氮素损失以及保证较高的氮素后茬利用率。考虑到气候条件、作物品种、肥料类型等的复杂性,还需要对有机肥和化肥配施的环境影响进行更多比较研究,从而进一步优化当前集约化蔬菜生产中的肥料管理。
In order to study the effect of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on nitrogen utilization and loss, pot experiments were conducted to control the tomato yield in large area and high yield in current vegetable production. Three fertilizer treatments under different nitrogen conditions, ie, organic manure (M) , Chemical fertilizer (U), organic fertilizer and semi-chemical fertilizer (MU), and CK (no nitrogen fertilizer, planting crop) and CKN (no nitrogen fertilizer, no crop), tomato yield, ammonia volatilization and N 2 O emission Monitoring and analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference in MU, U and M treatments. Compared with U and MU, M can reduce ammonia volatilization losses by 62% and 57%, and reduce N_2O emissions by 53% and 69% respectively. The amount of nitrogen remaining in the soil was M (64.9%)> MU (36.7%)> U (23.7%), and there was significant difference among the three treatments (P <0.05). Combined with nitrogen loss and crop yield, indicating that the application of organic fertilizer to a certain extent, to ensure high yield tomato, reduce nitrogen losses and ensure high nitrogen utilization of stubble. Considering the complexity of climatic conditions, crop varieties and types of fertilizers, more comparisons of the environmental impacts of organic and chemical fertilizers are needed to further optimize fertilizer management in current intensive vegetable production.