目的调查小学二年级学生窝沟封闭预防窝沟龋的效果。方法 2014年1月整群随机抽取磐安县10所小学3 400名符合条件且已完成第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭的小学二年级学生作为研究组,选取同班级未接受窝沟封闭的1 200名学生作为对照组,每3个月定期复查至2015年12月,观察第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭情况,观察封闭剂残留,牙齿脱落及患窝沟龋情况。结果 1研究组牙合面、颊/腭面均封闭牙数共10 178颗,2年保留率为65.63%,其中牙合面完全保留与部分保留率均高于颊/腭面,且完全脱落率最低(P<0.05);2研究组1年患龋率(26.00%)、2年患龋率(48.00%)均低于对照组(分别为:50.00%,73.83%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3研究组不同部位患龋牙数均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);4研究组龋齿Ⅰ~Ⅱ度所占比例(89.99%)高于对照组(42.49%),Ⅲ~Ⅴ度所占比例低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=2 303.69,P<0.05);5研究组2年龋失补牙数与补牙面数均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小学二年级儿童为龋病高发群体,采用窝沟封闭术作龋病预防处理,可降低龋病发病风险,减轻龋病程度,维持口腔生态平衡。 Objective To investigate the effect of pit and fissure sealant on prevention of pit and fissure caries in sophomore primary school. Methods In January 2014, a total of 3 400 elementary school sophomores who met the requirements of the first permanent molars pit and fissure sealant were randomly selected from 10 primary schools in Pan’an County as research groups. A total of 1 200 students Students as a control group, regular review every 3 months until December 2015, observing the first permanent molars pit and fissure sealant, observe the blocking agent residues, dental loss and pit and fissure caries. Results 1 The occlusal surfaces and buccal / palatal surfaces of the study group had a total of 10 178 teeth occluded, with a 2-year retention rate of 65.63%. The total retention and partial retention of occlusal surfaces were both higher than the buccal / palatal surfaces and were completely off (P <0.05). The caries prevalence of one year in study group (26.00%) and the prevalence of caries in two years (48.00%) were all lower than those in control group (50.00% and 73.83%, respectively) (P <0.05). The number of caries in different parts of the study group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). The caries degree Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ in the study group (89.99%) was higher than that in the control group The proportion of Ⅲ ~ Ⅴ degree in the control group (42.49%) was lower than that in the control group (χ ~ 2 = 2 303.69, P <0.05) Were less than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Primary second grade children are the predominant caries groups. The treatment of caries by pit and fissure sealant can reduce the risk of dental caries, reduce the caries degree and maintain the oral ecological balance.