生命周期评价(LCA)是一种评价产品、过程或活动从原材料采集和加工到产品生产、运输、分配、使用、回收、维修、循环和最终处置整个生命周期(从摇篮到坟墓)系统有关的环境负荷的过程;它通过对整个生命周期中能量和物质的消耗以及释放到环境中的废物的辨识和定量,评价这些消耗和释放对环境的影响,最后找到和评价减少这些影响的机会。生伞周期评价注重的环境影响主要是生态健康、人类健康影响和资源的消耗。 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a system that evaluates the entire life cycle of a product, process, or activity from raw material collection and processing to production, transportation, distribution, use, recycling, maintenance, recycling and final disposal of cradle to grave Environmental burdens; assessing the environmental impact of these depletions and releases through the identification and quantification of energy and material consumption throughout the life cycle and waste released into the environment; and finally finding and evaluating opportunities to reduce these impacts. The main environmental impact of umbrella cycle evaluation is mainly ecological health, human health effects and resource consumption.