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现代汉语中有些单音节动词既有自主用法,也有非自主用法。自主用法产生的是预期的积极结果义,非自主用法出现的往往是非预期的消极结果义。同一个动词,产生积极结果义的自主用法与出现消极结果义的非自主用法不仅词义不同,在句法表现上也存在着明显的差异,应该属于不同的义位。目前的语文词典中普遍存在着忽略单音节动词非自主用法消极结果义的现象。本文通过对《现代汉语词典》第6版和《新华字典》第11版中单字的全面考察梳理,结合其他几部常见语文词典的释义,对现代汉语中单音节动词非自主用法消极结果义的概念、语义类型及相应的句法表现予以总结概括,并对一些语文词典忽略单音节动词非自主用法消极结果义的原因进行分析说明。
There are some monosyllable verbs in modern Chinese both autonomous and non-autonomous usage. The autonomous usage produces the expected positive result, and the unintended usage often leads to unintended negative result. In the same verb, the autonomous usage of producing positive result and the non-autonomous usage of negative result have not only different meanings, but also obvious differences in syntactic performance and should belong to different meanings. In the current Chinese dictionaries, there is a common phenomenon of ignoring the negative consequences of the involuntary use of monosyllable verbs. Through the comprehensive examination of the words in the 6th edition of the Modern Chinese Dictionary and the 11th edition of the Xinhua Dictionary, combined with the definitions of several other common Chinese lexicons, this paper analyzes the negative consequences of the involuntary use of monosyllabic verbs in modern Chinese Concept, semantic type and corresponding syntactic performance, summarizes and summarizes the reasons why some Chinese dictionaries ignore the negative consequences of unintended use of monosyllabic verbs.