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本文描述了形成性评价的由来和特点，分析了线下形成性评价的不足，介绍了上海健康医学院图书馆医学文献检索课程的小规模限制性在线课程(small private online course，SPOC)建设情况，以及该课程的在线形成性评价指标体系，分析了依托SPOC的形成性评价应用于医学文献检索课程的教学效果与优势，并对存在的问题提出了对策。“,”This paper introduces the origin and the features of the formative assessment, analyzes the shortcomings of offline formative assessment, introduces the SPOC of Medical Literature Retrieval in SUMHS and the online formative assessment index for course, analyzes the teaching effect and advantages of applying the formative evaluation based on SPOC to the course, and puts forward countermeasures for the existing problems.