本文通過對比不同語言的名詞短語,從指稱的基本語義、語用和話題三個方面來探討古漢語名詞化標記“之、者、所”語法功能的異同。含有三者中任何一個名詞化標記的短語都可用在句中論元的位置上。名詞化標記“之”基本語法意義爲領屬/定語標記,世界語言中含領屬/定語標記的名詞短語,具體指稱語義(有定/有指/泛指等)多因上下文語境而定,古漢語之字名詞短語屬此類。古漢語的名詞化標記“所”和“者”基本語義分别爲賓格泛指代詞和主格泛指代詞,還有多指類(set)不指實(entity)的特點,在語用的層次,可爲引入之前話語中不存在的新話語參與者塑造背景,起承上啓下的語用連貫作用。除此以外,者字名詞短語在不同語境還有定指、泛指和引入重要話題等功能,表示作者/説話人對某話題在某特定話語片段中重要性的態度和信念。二者相比之下,所字短語的話題重要性較低,多泛指一個限制背景集。者字短語所指可以不僅僅是之前語境中一個不存在的限制集,而且还可以表示一個假設(如狀語)或重要話題,語法性質爲三者之最。中古表示重要話題的“有一”構式出現后,“者”在近代漢語白話中逐漸消失。簡而言之,作爲含名詞化標記“之”和“者”的名詞短語,指稱特點都没有内在的必然性,要視上下文而定,這也就可能是二者在中古以後出現類同的重要基礎。 By comparing the noun phrases in different languages, this article discusses the similarities and differences of the grammatical functions of the ancient Chinese nominalization markers “” from the three aspects of the alleged basic semantics, pragmatics and topics. Phrases that contain any one of the three nominalized markers can be used in the position of argument in the sentence. Nominal tag “” The basic grammatical meaning of the tag is the attributive / attributive, the noun phrase in the world language with the prefix / attributive tag, the specific denotational semantics (fixed / implied / general) According to circumstances, the ancient Chinese nouns phrases belong to this category. In ancient Chinese, the nominal semantics of “shen ” and “shen ” are the generic meanings of the nouns and the main nouns, respectively, The level of pragmatics can shape the background for the new discourse participants who did not exist in the prior discourse, and play a pragmatic and coherent role. In addition, the word nouns in different contexts have the same meaning, generalization and introduction of important topics, etc., indicating the author / speaker’s attitude and belief in the importance of a topic in a particular discourse segment. In contrast, the topic of the phrase is less important, more generally refers to a set of limited backgrounds. The word phrase may refer not only to a nonexistent set of limitations in the context of the previous context but also to a hypothesis such as an adverbial or important topic with the grammatical nature of the three most important. After the emergence of the “oneness”, an important topic in the Middle Ages, the “oneness” disappeared in the modern Chinese vernacular. In a nutshell, as a noun phrase with nominalized tags “” and “person ”, there are no inherent inevitability of referential features, depending on the context, which may also be the two later There is an important basis for similarities.