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历史书写和传记文学都是话语叙事,传记文学是史学和文学紧密关联的产物,通过传记作品可以实现历史的文学书写。传记大师茨威格的传记代表作《一个政治家的画像》,就独辟蹊径地通过为约瑟夫·富歇作传,成功地书写了法国大革命和拿破仑时代。茨威格笔下的富歇,既是变色龙、幕后活动家、不倒翁,又是温柔体贴的丈夫和亲切慈祥的父亲,偶尔还表现出爱国之心和英雄气概。茨威格还认为,历史的吊诡之处就在于,富歇以其果断的背叛之举,非出于其本意地顺应了民心,客观上合乎了民意,进而推动了历史进程。茨威格正是通过个体生命来透视历史、认识历史,既体现出鲜明的人性书写与人性关怀,又通过传记实现了历史的文学书写。
Historical writing and biographical literature are discourse narratives. Biographical literature is a product of the close relationship between history and literature. Through biographical works, it is possible to achieve historical literary writing. Biography of biographer Zwewege portrayal of “a portrait of a politician”, on his own way through the biography for Joseph Fuehher, successfully wrote the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era. Zweig’s Fiche, both a chameleon, a behind-the-scenes activist, a tumbler, a gentle and considerate husband and kind-hearted father, occasionally shows patriotism and heroism. Zwewege also believes that the paradox of history lies in that Fiche, in his decisive act of betrayal, did not conform to the wishes of the people for his own purposes and was in conformity with public opinion objectively, thus furthering the historical process. Zweig passed the perspective of history and understanding of history through individual life, embodying not only distinct humanistic and humanistic concerns, but also the historic literary writing through biographies.