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姜寨遗址是黄河流域仰韶时期重要的考古发现。姜寨遗址一期土坑墓资料完备,大部分人骨已进行性别及年龄的鉴定,这为研究当时社会人口自然结构提供了较好的条件。本文利用这些土坑墓资料对人口性别结构、年龄结构进行分析,初步探讨姜寨一期文化社会人口构成及相关问题。陕西临潼姜寨遗址自1972年至1979年先后进行了11次较大规模的考古发掘,据《姜寨——新石器时代遗址发掘报告》[1](以下简称《报告》),姜寨遗址共发现了半坡类型、史家类型、庙地沟类型、西王村类型、客省庄二期文化五期文化遗存。姜寨一期文化墓葬属仰韶文化的半坡类型,共发现380座墓葬,包括174座土坑墓和206座瓮棺葬。17座土坑墓中,有154座分别分布于三个区,即遗址东部(Ⅰ区)、东北部(Ⅱ区)、东南部(Ⅲ区),另外20座零星分布于居住区内。
Jiangzhai site is an important archeological discovery in the Yangshao period of the Yellow River basin. The data of earth pit tomb in Jiangzhai Site Phase I are complete and most of the human bones have been identified by gender and age, which provides better conditions for studying the natural structure of the social population at that time. In this paper, we use the data of these tombs and tombs to analyze the gender structure and age structure of the population, and initially discuss the population composition and related issues of the first phase of Jiangzhai culture and society. According to “Jiangzhai - Neolithic Site Excavation Report” [1] (hereinafter referred to as the “Report”), Jiangzhai Site A total of discovered Banpo type, historian type, temple trench type, West Wangcun type, Kejiazhuang two culture five cultural relics. A cultural grave in Jiangzhai is of the Banpo type of Yangshao culture. A total of 380 tombs were found, including 174 earth pit tombs and 206 urn coffins. Of the 17 earth pit tombs, 154 are located in three areas, namely, the eastern part of the site (area Ⅰ), the northeast (area Ⅱ) and the southeast (area Ⅲ), and the other 20 are sporadically distributed in residential areas.