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运用系统理论分析网络时代的社会治理能够超越国家—社会二元视角,将社会的功能分化与二阶观察作为分析的切入点。网络增强了社会子系统二阶观察的能力,并且降低了个体被“纳入”系统的成本,扩大了环境/系统区分的范围。但是网络也使得系统间冲突的可能及其范围扩大。大量信息的介入会对现有社会系统,例如法律,造成冲击。在系统内部隐藏沟通悖论越发困难。网络时代世界性的系统沟通在中国社会治理中呈现全球性与地方性两种面向,相对于信息过度,中国社会治理,特别是法律演化需要的是激发系统沟通的组织条件。网络本身并没有社会组织的特点,对互联网的社会治理依靠的是社会组织,及其多中心、分散决策的特点。系统间的结构耦合在组织处理信息的过程中形成稳定的结构,从而化解社会复杂性,增强社会功能的分化。
Using the system theory to analyze the social governance in the Internet age can transcend the dual perspective of the state and society and take the social function differentiation and second-order observation as the starting points for analysis. The network enhances the ability of second-order observation of social subsystems and reduces the cost of individuals being “included” systems, expanding the scope of environmental / systematic differentiation. However, the network also makes the possibility and scope of conflicts between systems widen. The involvement of a large amount of information can have an impact on existing social systems, such as the law. Concealing communication paradoxes within the system becomes more and more difficult. The worldwide system communication in the Internet age has shown both global and local aspects in Chinese social governance. Compared with the excessive information, the social conditions in China, especially the evolution of law, are the necessary organizational conditions for stimulating systematic communication. The network itself does not have the characteristics of social organizations. The social governance of the Internet relies on social organizations and its multi-center and decentralized decision-making. The structural coupling between systems forms a stable structure in the organization process of information, so as to resolve the social complexity and enhance the differentiation of social functions.