胆固醇栓塞综合征是大动脉血管壁上动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂,斑块内胆固醇结晶脱落至远端小动脉造成栓塞而引起的。胆固醇栓塞综合征常引起栓塞部位的炎症反应,并造成终末靶器官的损伤。最常受累的靶器官为脑、肾、消化道、皮肤和下肢骨骼肌等。诊断须依据症状、体征和实验室检查(嗜酸粒细胞增多)。他汀类药物、抗血小板药物、在易损斑块处安放支架等是目前治疗胆固醇栓塞综合征的主要手段。 Cholesterol embolism syndrome is caused by arterial atherosclerotic plaque rupture in the arterial wall, plaque cholesterol crystals shed into the distal arterioles causing embolism. Cholesterol embolism syndrome often cause inflammation in the embolic site and cause damage to the target organ. The most commonly involved target organs are the brain, kidney, digestive tract, skin and lower extremity skeletal muscle. Diagnosis should be based on symptoms, signs and laboratory tests (eosinophilia). Statins, antiplatelet drugs, and stents placed on vulnerable plaques are the mainstay of current treatment for cholesterol embolism syndrome.