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在宋代画史的叙事中,壁画一门往往被疏漏。借张彦远《记两京外州寺观画壁》之名,本文力图通过对宋代基本绘画史料的爬梳,复原北宋画家的壁画创作活动,再现中国古代寺观宫室壁画之最后篇章。我们辑录宋代画史中有关寺观壁画创作的相关内容(包括宫室、衙署及宅第的屏风绘制),以画家在各地的创作活动为线索,依托北宋行政区划,对全国寺观宫室壁画作系统之时空考察。对于某种绘画活动,地域传承与文化感召往往使其具有历史的惯性,加之统治者的态度与政治的因素,它便不再仅为某种时代风气所左右。京师为全国壁画创作活动的中心地,开封府是对北宋画家最具号召力的地方,而洛阳、颍昌等地环抱京畿,也均是壁画活动的密集区域。而在缺少政治吸引力且少有外地画手流入的情况下,成都寺观壁画创作的延续靠的正是绘画传统的积淀。但东南地区则由于缺少道释人物创作及寺观壁画绘制的传统,以致相关的记载极为稀少。由于原文篇幅过长,因而特分两篇,上篇主要内容为全国概况及京师寺观宫室画壁~([1]),本篇则详述北宋外州壁画创作活动。
In the narrative of the history of the Song Dynasty, one of the murals was often overlooked. In the name of Zhang Yan-yuan’s “Watching the Painting Walls of Two Temples in Outer Jingzhou”, this paper seeks to restore the painter’s mural creation activities of the Northern Song Dynasty and to reproduce the last chapter of the mural paintings of ancient temples and temples in China by climbing the basic historical materials of the Song Dynasty. We record the related contents (including the screen of the palace, the palace and the mansion) of the Song Dynasty paintings related to temples and murals, clues to the creative activities of the painters in various places, relying on the administrative divisions of the Northern Song Dynasty, Time and space inspection. For some kind of painting activities, geographical inheritance and cultural appeal often make it have the inertia of history. Combined with the attitude of rulers and political factors, it is no longer only controlled by the customs of a certain era. As the center of the capital to the country mural painting activity, Kaifeng, the Northern Song Dynasty painter is the most appealing place, and Luoyang, Ying Chang and other places surrounded by Gyeonggi, also are dense area mural activities. In the absence of political attraction and the influx of few local artists, the continuation of the creation of murals in Chengdu Temple is precisely the accumulation of traditional painting. However, due to the lack of tradition of DaoZi characters and mural painting of murals in the southeast, the related records are extremely scarce. Due to the lengthy text of the original text, it is divided into two parts. The main contents of the first part are the general situation of the whole country and the painting wall of Jingshi Temple. ([1]).