论文部分内容阅读
对于我们2018年参加高考的学生来说,了解一些英语任务型阅读题的解题规律和技巧是非常必要的。其做题的基本思路是:抓住任务阅读试题的特点,巧妙且灵活掌握解题思路,以课内学习为基础,课外拓展为提高,以自己精心归纳总结为关键。
同学们都知道,高考任务型阅读主要是考查我们考生的阅读理解能力!解答该类题要求我们考生在有限的时间内快速领会文章的主旨大意,快速理解句段细节意义和理清上下文的逻辑关系,要能够理解文章作者的观点、态度和意图,同时不能忽视对语篇的整体把握和领悟。任务型读写的体裁主要是说明文和议论文。
阅读是由感知、思维、推理、评价、判断、想象和解决问题等一系列积极的心理活动构成的。任务型阅读主要依赖于“形式图式”的能力,而“内容图式”和“语言图式”起辅助作用。相对传统阅读理解题型,它更注重对考生在语言输入的基础上强化语言输出能力的考查,要求对摄取信息进行略论、概括、整理、理解并根据需要进行综合应用。只有掌握解題规律和技巧,才能逐步提高阅读能力,快速正确地完成指定任务要求。
任务型阅读的考点设计为:信息筛选题(信息查找)、信息整合题(信息转换)、信息概括题(信息概括与总结)三类。而表格所要填的词常有以下几类:文中原词,文中词的词形、词性、词义的变化词,重组信息用文外的词表述同一意义的词,以及常见的归纳、概括词。
常见的表示概括性的词汇有:
定义:definition
介绍:introduction, presentation
说明:explanation, statement, instruction, direction
导致:cause, lead to, contribute to, result in, bring about
表演:act, play, perform, give / put on a performance, play a part / role in, show
成败:success, achievement, victory, triumph, failure, defeat
利弊:advantage, disadvantage
异同:difference, distinction, the same, similarity, equality
优点:advantage, strong point, strength, virtue
缺点:disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback
利益、好处:good, benefit, interest, profit, gain
错误:mistake, error, fault
质量、品质:quality, amount, number
数量:quantity, amount, number
目的:purpose, aim, goal, objective
方法:way, means, method, approach, solution, manner
措施:measure, action
行为、活动:action, behavior, conduct, activity
步骤:step, stage, process, procedure
频率、频度:frequency, rate
程度:degree, level, extent
观点、意见:opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint
想法:idea, thought, thinking
(无)意识:(un)awareness, (un)consciousness
原理、原则、规律:theory, principle, law
意义:significance, meaning, sense
价值:value
态度:attitude, manner
感觉:feeling, emotion, motivation
同意、正面:agreement, pros, approval, positive, favor, support
反对、反面:disagreement, cons, negative, opposite, contrary, opposition, objection
要求、需要:demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim
问题:question, problem, issue
答案:answer, key, solution, result
反应:response, reaction
变化:change
比较:comparison, contrast
评价:feature, character, characteristic
特点:feature, character, characteristic
种类:kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class
等级:grade, rank, degree, class
风俗、习惯:custom, manner, practice, habit 主题、话题:theme, subject, topic
標题:title, headline, heading
作用、功能:use, usage, function
关系、联系:relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact
来源、历史:origin, history, source
事实、现实:fact, reality, actuality
规则、规定:rule, regulation
情况、状况:things, status, situation, condition, case, circumstance, state
现象:phenomenon
结果:result, consequence
评述:comment, assessment
下面我们来看看任务型阅读题的解题步骤和技巧。
一、略读
和做阅读理解一样,任务型阅读也首先要理解文章大意,这是做题的第一步,也是关键的一步。因此,要快速浏览全文,尤其是每段的第一句话,即Topic sentence和首尾段落,理清文章的写作思路和基本结构,以便加深对文章内容的了解。同时,文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。只有读懂了文章,才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。
二、扫读
扫读就是快速阅读文章后,将文后的图表等内容,理清其显示的层次联系,准确定位其考查要求。要特别注意表格前的小标题,它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意,了解表格结构和题目的设置。如捕捉信息题可以去文中查读,其他问题则需要对信息进行加工处理。一般题目的结构是:① 全文的标题。在标题中缺少一个关键词,根据文章填出所缺的关键词。② 各段大意。试题中给出各段大意,在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容,考生把文章的各段对应起来,找准信息。③ 对各段大意的详细的阐述。从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发,这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力,在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。
三、精读
深入理解文章内容,精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段,寻找确定答案的关键词语,或从文中进行概括,同时仔细斟酌用词,确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式,看是否与表格中所给的格式相同,同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填词汇的词性、语法,所填单词是否符合题目要求,还要注意字母的大小写。
四、复查
通观全篇文章,务必再仔细核对文章和任务,确保准确性。
请看真题和解析:
Do you know your uneasy adolescent might be experiencing teen depression? Of course. Teen depression isn’t just bad moods and occasional sadness—it’s a serious problem that affects every aspect of a teenager’s normal life. The negative effects can lead to problems, such as smoking, violence and even suicide. But depression can be treated. So if your teen’s unhappiness lasts for more than two weeks and he or she displays other symptoms of depression, it may be time to seek help from a health doctor.
There are multiple reasons why a teenager might become unhappy. For example, teens can develop feelings of worthlessness over their school performance. And unsatisfied family life can have a major effect on how a teen feels. Sometimes, teen depression may result from environmental stress. But whatever the cause, when friends or family—or things that the teen usually enjoy—don’t help to improve his or her sadness or sense of isolation, there’s a good chance that he or she has teen depression.
There are certain signs when teenagers are suffering from teen depression. Often, kids with teen depression will have a noticeable change in their thinking and behavior. Kids with teen depression may have a change in eating habits. Teenagers are likely to eat too much or not to eat enough for long periods of time, which should not be mistaken for an eating disorder. Parents should distinguish this change from eating disorders. Changing in sleeping habits is another indication of adolescent depression. All teenagers love to sleep. However, a sudden change in sleep behavior for no good reason is what parents should be paying attention to.
A reduction of favorite activities, such as sports or chatting with friends, is another sign that cannot be neglected. If a teenager loves a sport and during the middle of the season suddenly decides to stop, there is a reason to be concerned about this change.
When teenagers suffer from depression, they easily get annoyed or react badly to negative things. They may become defiant as there is potential depression. The depressed teenagers may get into rude or offensive remarks as well as fighting.
Making statements of despair is another sign. They have no hope for their studies, their life and their future. This is very serious since it is estimated that every year approximately 10 teenagers from every 100,000 commit suicide.
How is it treated? Here are methods, including medications and psychotherapy. Family therapy may be helpful if family conflict is contributing to the depression. The depressed teens will also need support from teachers. Occasionally, hospitalization may be required for teenagers with severe depression.
【解析】
試题分析:文章介绍了年轻人压抑的话题,包括年轻人压抑的起因,现象和如何解决。
1. 原词重现题。根据第一段的句子:it’s a serious problem that affects every aspect of a teenager’s normal life. 可知年轻人的压力会影响他们过正常的生活,所以填normal。
2. 句意理解题。根据第一段的句子:So if your teen’s unhappiness lasts for more than two weeks and he or she displays other symptoms of depression, it may be time to seek help from a health doctor.可知压抑的状况持续两个星期以上的人就要去咨询医生或看医生了,填consult / see。
3. 原词重现题。根据第二段的句子: There are multiple reasons why a teenager might become unhappy. 可知这里讲的是青少年压抑的原因,填Causes / Reasons。
4. 句意理解题。根据第三段的句子: Teenagers are likely to eat too much or not to eat enough for long periods of time, which should not be mistaken for an eating disorder. 可知年轻人有压力的话,可能吃的很少或太多,而这里使用词组tend to往往会,容易做。
5. 句意理解题。根据第三段的句子:Parents should distinguish this change from eating disorders. 可知父母应该区分饮食疾病和压抑的区别,填difference 。
6. 句意理解题。根据第四段的句子:However, a sudden change in sleep behavior for no good reason is what parents should be paying attention to. 可知压抑的年轻人会无缘无故地失眠, without a good reason.无缘无故。
7. 原词重现题。根据第六段的句子:When teenagers suffer from depression, they easily get annoyed or react badly to negative things. 可知压抑的年轻人会对事情表现出消极的反应:negative。
8. 原词重现题。根据第六段的句子: The depressed teenagers may get into rude or offensive remarks as well as fighting. 可知压抑的年轻人会说一些冒犯的话,甚至和别人打架,填 remarks / comments。
9. 词性转化题。根据第七段的句子:They have no hope for their studies, their life and their future. 可知这些年轻人对于学习生活未来都感觉没有希望,这里需要形容词:hopeless。
10. 句意理解题。根据最后一段的句子:Occasionally, hospitalization may be required for teenagers with severe depression. 可知如果病情严重的话必须去医院住院。填名词:requirement / necessity / must。
同学们都知道,高考任务型阅读主要是考查我们考生的阅读理解能力!解答该类题要求我们考生在有限的时间内快速领会文章的主旨大意,快速理解句段细节意义和理清上下文的逻辑关系,要能够理解文章作者的观点、态度和意图,同时不能忽视对语篇的整体把握和领悟。任务型读写的体裁主要是说明文和议论文。
阅读是由感知、思维、推理、评价、判断、想象和解决问题等一系列积极的心理活动构成的。任务型阅读主要依赖于“形式图式”的能力,而“内容图式”和“语言图式”起辅助作用。相对传统阅读理解题型,它更注重对考生在语言输入的基础上强化语言输出能力的考查,要求对摄取信息进行略论、概括、整理、理解并根据需要进行综合应用。只有掌握解題规律和技巧,才能逐步提高阅读能力,快速正确地完成指定任务要求。
任务型阅读的考点设计为:信息筛选题(信息查找)、信息整合题(信息转换)、信息概括题(信息概括与总结)三类。而表格所要填的词常有以下几类:文中原词,文中词的词形、词性、词义的变化词,重组信息用文外的词表述同一意义的词,以及常见的归纳、概括词。
常见的表示概括性的词汇有:
定义:definition
介绍:introduction, presentation
说明:explanation, statement, instruction, direction
导致:cause, lead to, contribute to, result in, bring about
表演:act, play, perform, give / put on a performance, play a part / role in, show
成败:success, achievement, victory, triumph, failure, defeat
利弊:advantage, disadvantage
异同:difference, distinction, the same, similarity, equality
优点:advantage, strong point, strength, virtue
缺点:disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback
利益、好处:good, benefit, interest, profit, gain
错误:mistake, error, fault
质量、品质:quality, amount, number
数量:quantity, amount, number
目的:purpose, aim, goal, objective
方法:way, means, method, approach, solution, manner
措施:measure, action
行为、活动:action, behavior, conduct, activity
步骤:step, stage, process, procedure
频率、频度:frequency, rate
程度:degree, level, extent
观点、意见:opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint
想法:idea, thought, thinking
(无)意识:(un)awareness, (un)consciousness
原理、原则、规律:theory, principle, law
意义:significance, meaning, sense
价值:value
态度:attitude, manner
感觉:feeling, emotion, motivation
同意、正面:agreement, pros, approval, positive, favor, support
反对、反面:disagreement, cons, negative, opposite, contrary, opposition, objection
要求、需要:demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim
问题:question, problem, issue
答案:answer, key, solution, result
反应:response, reaction
变化:change
比较:comparison, contrast
评价:feature, character, characteristic
特点:feature, character, characteristic
种类:kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class
等级:grade, rank, degree, class
风俗、习惯:custom, manner, practice, habit 主题、话题:theme, subject, topic
標题:title, headline, heading
作用、功能:use, usage, function
关系、联系:relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact
来源、历史:origin, history, source
事实、现实:fact, reality, actuality
规则、规定:rule, regulation
情况、状况:things, status, situation, condition, case, circumstance, state
现象:phenomenon
结果:result, consequence
评述:comment, assessment
下面我们来看看任务型阅读题的解题步骤和技巧。
一、略读
和做阅读理解一样,任务型阅读也首先要理解文章大意,这是做题的第一步,也是关键的一步。因此,要快速浏览全文,尤其是每段的第一句话,即Topic sentence和首尾段落,理清文章的写作思路和基本结构,以便加深对文章内容的了解。同时,文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。只有读懂了文章,才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。
二、扫读
扫读就是快速阅读文章后,将文后的图表等内容,理清其显示的层次联系,准确定位其考查要求。要特别注意表格前的小标题,它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意,了解表格结构和题目的设置。如捕捉信息题可以去文中查读,其他问题则需要对信息进行加工处理。一般题目的结构是:① 全文的标题。在标题中缺少一个关键词,根据文章填出所缺的关键词。② 各段大意。试题中给出各段大意,在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容,考生把文章的各段对应起来,找准信息。③ 对各段大意的详细的阐述。从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发,这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力,在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。
三、精读
深入理解文章内容,精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段,寻找确定答案的关键词语,或从文中进行概括,同时仔细斟酌用词,确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式,看是否与表格中所给的格式相同,同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填词汇的词性、语法,所填单词是否符合题目要求,还要注意字母的大小写。
四、复查
通观全篇文章,务必再仔细核对文章和任务,确保准确性。
请看真题和解析:
Do you know your uneasy adolescent might be experiencing teen depression? Of course. Teen depression isn’t just bad moods and occasional sadness—it’s a serious problem that affects every aspect of a teenager’s normal life. The negative effects can lead to problems, such as smoking, violence and even suicide. But depression can be treated. So if your teen’s unhappiness lasts for more than two weeks and he or she displays other symptoms of depression, it may be time to seek help from a health doctor.
There are multiple reasons why a teenager might become unhappy. For example, teens can develop feelings of worthlessness over their school performance. And unsatisfied family life can have a major effect on how a teen feels. Sometimes, teen depression may result from environmental stress. But whatever the cause, when friends or family—or things that the teen usually enjoy—don’t help to improve his or her sadness or sense of isolation, there’s a good chance that he or she has teen depression.
There are certain signs when teenagers are suffering from teen depression. Often, kids with teen depression will have a noticeable change in their thinking and behavior. Kids with teen depression may have a change in eating habits. Teenagers are likely to eat too much or not to eat enough for long periods of time, which should not be mistaken for an eating disorder. Parents should distinguish this change from eating disorders. Changing in sleeping habits is another indication of adolescent depression. All teenagers love to sleep. However, a sudden change in sleep behavior for no good reason is what parents should be paying attention to.
A reduction of favorite activities, such as sports or chatting with friends, is another sign that cannot be neglected. If a teenager loves a sport and during the middle of the season suddenly decides to stop, there is a reason to be concerned about this change.
When teenagers suffer from depression, they easily get annoyed or react badly to negative things. They may become defiant as there is potential depression. The depressed teenagers may get into rude or offensive remarks as well as fighting.
Making statements of despair is another sign. They have no hope for their studies, their life and their future. This is very serious since it is estimated that every year approximately 10 teenagers from every 100,000 commit suicide.
How is it treated? Here are methods, including medications and psychotherapy. Family therapy may be helpful if family conflict is contributing to the depression. The depressed teens will also need support from teachers. Occasionally, hospitalization may be required for teenagers with severe depression.
【解析】
試题分析:文章介绍了年轻人压抑的话题,包括年轻人压抑的起因,现象和如何解决。
1. 原词重现题。根据第一段的句子:it’s a serious problem that affects every aspect of a teenager’s normal life. 可知年轻人的压力会影响他们过正常的生活,所以填normal。
2. 句意理解题。根据第一段的句子:So if your teen’s unhappiness lasts for more than two weeks and he or she displays other symptoms of depression, it may be time to seek help from a health doctor.可知压抑的状况持续两个星期以上的人就要去咨询医生或看医生了,填consult / see。
3. 原词重现题。根据第二段的句子: There are multiple reasons why a teenager might become unhappy. 可知这里讲的是青少年压抑的原因,填Causes / Reasons。
4. 句意理解题。根据第三段的句子: Teenagers are likely to eat too much or not to eat enough for long periods of time, which should not be mistaken for an eating disorder. 可知年轻人有压力的话,可能吃的很少或太多,而这里使用词组tend to往往会,容易做。
5. 句意理解题。根据第三段的句子:Parents should distinguish this change from eating disorders. 可知父母应该区分饮食疾病和压抑的区别,填difference 。
6. 句意理解题。根据第四段的句子:However, a sudden change in sleep behavior for no good reason is what parents should be paying attention to. 可知压抑的年轻人会无缘无故地失眠, without a good reason.无缘无故。
7. 原词重现题。根据第六段的句子:When teenagers suffer from depression, they easily get annoyed or react badly to negative things. 可知压抑的年轻人会对事情表现出消极的反应:negative。
8. 原词重现题。根据第六段的句子: The depressed teenagers may get into rude or offensive remarks as well as fighting. 可知压抑的年轻人会说一些冒犯的话,甚至和别人打架,填 remarks / comments。
9. 词性转化题。根据第七段的句子:They have no hope for their studies, their life and their future. 可知这些年轻人对于学习生活未来都感觉没有希望,这里需要形容词:hopeless。
10. 句意理解题。根据最后一段的句子:Occasionally, hospitalization may be required for teenagers with severe depression. 可知如果病情严重的话必须去医院住院。填名词:requirement / necessity / must。