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2020年3月，世界卫生组织发布《结核病整合指南之预防性治疗(TPT)指南》(简称“2020 TPT指南”)，提出18个TPT有关的建议。本文围绕该指南出台的背景及更新的内容、“2020 TPT指南”的适用范围、TPT的监测以及当前研究缺口对该指南进行深入解读。“,”In March 2020, World Health Organization issued the Guidelines for operational handbook on tuberculosis: tuberculosis preventive treatment (hereinafter referred to as the “ 2020 TPT Guidelines” ), which put forward 18 TPT related recommendations.To make an in-depth understanding of the guidelines, the paper focuses on the background and updated contents, the applicable scope of 2020 TPT guidelines, TPT monitoring and current research gaps.