近年来，程序性死亡因子(PD)-1及PD配体(PD-L)1抑制剂在肿瘤治疗相关研究中的重要性突显。PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂主要通过阻遏PD-1/PD-L1信号通路，解除后者对T细胞的抑制，从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。目前，美国食品与药品监督管理局(FDA)已批准多个PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂用于肿瘤治疗。在肿瘤治疗中，与PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂单药应用相比，PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂与化疗、放疗、靶向治疗等联合应用，已显现出较好的疗效。笔者拟就PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在实体瘤及血液系统肿瘤治疗中的作用机制及临床应用现状进行阐述，旨在介绍PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在肿瘤治疗中的应用价值。“,”Programmed death (PD)-1 and PD ligand (PD-L)1 play an increasingly important role in tumor therapy related researches for the past few years. It mainly functions through repressing the PD-1/PD-L1 signal pathway and relieving the inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 signal pathway on T cells. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in tumor therapy. In addition, compared with the single PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted treatment, etc., have shown better clinical outcomes. In order to understand the application value of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in tumor treatment, this article intends to introduce the mechanism and clinical applications of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in solid tumor and hematologic malignancy therapy.