关于社会主义本质的认识 ,从马克思到邓小平在认识思维中经历了一个从抽象到具体的思维发展过程。邓小平的社会主义本质论作为社会主义在中国实践的总结和马克思理论抽象发展而来的思维具体 ,是对科学社会主义思想的继承和发展。考察这一思维历程 ,将使我们在当代中国如何坚持和发展马克思主义得到有益的启示 On the understanding of the essence of socialism, from Marx to Deng Xiaoping experienced an abstract thinking process to concrete thinking process. Deng Xiaoping’s thinking on the essence of socialism as a summary of socialist practice in China and Marx’s theoretical abstract development is a continuation and development of the scientific socialism. Examining this thinking process will give us useful enlightenment on how to uphold and develop Marxism in contemporary China