马克思主义视角下,供给和需求具有同一性,需求决定供给,供给创造需求。基于此辩证关系,中共中央提出了供给侧结构性改革。这一提法与西方供给学派不是一回事,超越并丰富了西方供给理论。二者存在显著的不同,主要表现在制度基础、政市关系与经济背景三个方面。我国经济发展的结构问题突出。既存在总需求不足与需求转移外溢并存的供需间不对称,也存在有效供给不足与相对过剩并存的供需内部不对称;三次产业结构有所优化,但改善的空间依然较大;传统产品供给过剩,以需求为核心、精益求精的新兴产品供给不足;供给端质量安全制度建设的滞后加剧结构失衡。因此,供给侧结构性改革的关键与核心是优化经济结构。要加快推进供给侧结构性改革,应树立正确的宏调思路,需求与供给两侧同时发力;做好加减乘除法,优化经济结构;正视投资与转型的关系,增投资与调结构并举;多角度推进科技创新,全力培育供给新优势;以多元化改革为抓手,优化供给端的制度环境。 Under the Marxist perspective, supply and demand have the sameness, demand determines supply and supply creates demand. Based on this dialectical relationship, the CPC Central Committee proposed a supply-side structural reform. This formulation is not the same as that of the western school of supply, surpassing and enriching western supply theory. There are significant differences between the two, mainly in the institutional basis, the relationship between the city and the economy in three aspects. The structural problems of China’s economic development are prominent. There are both asymmetric supply-demand and demand-supply spillover, which exist both in aggregate demand and in spillover. There is also an internal asymmetry between supply and demand due to the combination of insufficient supply and relative surplus. The tertiary industry structure has been optimized but the room for improvement is still large. The supply of traditional products is surplus , The supply of new products with the demand as the core and the improvement as perfection is insufficient; and the lag of supply-side quality and safety system is aggravated by the structural imbalance. Therefore, the key and core of supply-side structural reform is to optimize the economic structure. To speed up structural reforms on the supply side, we should establish a correct macro-adjustment approach, simultaneously exerting force on both sides of demand and supply, doing addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and optimizing the economic structure. We should also address the relationship between investment and restructuring and increase both investment and structural adjustment ; Promote scientific and technological innovation from multiple perspectives, try their best to cultivate new advantages in supply and supply; and take diversified reforms as the starting point to optimize the institutional environment at the supply end.